5. Property, Plant and Equipment and Assets Held for Sale

The Company’s property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:

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During the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized depreciation expense of $1,219 and $1,604, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized depreciation expense of $4,313 and $6,061, respectively. Depreciation expense is included in cost of goods sold and depreciation and amortization in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

During the three months ended June 30, 2024, the Massachusetts market continued to experience challenges marked by increased cultivation and supply, market saturation, and pricing pressure, prompting CAC to revise its financial forecast to align with the prevailing market conditions. The forecast results indicated continuing losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset group, which resulted in the Company performing a test of its assets related to CAC as of June 30, 2024. The result of this test indicated that the fair value of this asset group was less than the carrying value, which resulted in the Company recording an impairment charge of $15,678 for the three months ended June 30, 2024. This loss was allocated to the long-lived major assets of the group on a pro rata basis using the relative carrying amounts of the assets. There was no additional impairment recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2024.

On February 15, 2023, the Company completed the sale and leaseback of its facility in White Haven, Pennsylvania (the “White Haven Facility”) to the buyer (the “Pennsylvania Transaction”). The Company received cash proceeds of $15,000 and derecognized the property, plant and equipment with a net carrying value of $6,599, resulting in a gain on sale of assets of $8,401. See Note 12 — Leases for additional information.

Assets Held for Sale

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, it was determined that the assets held for sale had a fair market value less costs to sell of zero. As a result, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $325 to bring these assets held for sale to fair market value less costs to sell. This loss is included in impairment loss and loss on disposal of assets in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, and the assets are still held for sale as of September 30, 2024. The Company is currently in the process of donating these assets, and expects to complete the donation before the end of its fiscal year on December 31, 2024.