1. Nature and Continuance of Operations

TILT Holdings Inc. (“TILT” or the “Company”) is a business solutions provider to the global cannabis industry offering a diverse range of value-added products and services to industry participants. Through a portfolio of companies providing technology, hardware, cultivation and production, TILT services brands and cannabis retailers in regulated markets across 39 states in the United States (“U.S.”), as well as Canada, Israel, Mexico, South America, and the European Union.

TILT was incorporated under the laws of Nevada pursuant to NRS Chapter 78 on June 22, 2018. The Company was continued under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) pursuant to a Certificate of Continuance dated November 14, 2018. The Company is a reporting issuer in Canada in the Provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, and Ontario and its common shares are listed for trading on the Cboe Canada (formerly known as the NEO Exchange) under the symbol “TILT.” In addition, the common shares are quoted on the OTCQB in the U.S. under the symbol “TLLTF.” The Company’s head office is in Phoenix, Arizona and its registered office is located at 745 Thurlow Street, #2400 Vancouver, BC V6C 0C5 Canada.

Going Concern

The Company has experienced operating losses since its inception and may continue to incur losses in the development of its business. The Company incurred a comprehensive loss of $40,445 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and has an accumulated deficit of $1,004,136 as of September 30, 2023. Additionally, as of September 30, 2023, the Company had negative working capital of $10,026 compared to negative working capital of $39,570 as of December 31, 2022. The negative working capital is related to the Company’s Revolving Facility (as defined below) becoming due within the next 12 months.

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company (i) completed the Pennsylvania Transaction (as defined below), (ii) refinanced the 2019 Junior Notes (as defined below), (iii) extended the maturity date of and increased the amount available under the Revolving Facility (as defined below); (iv) obtained additional funds through the 2023 Bridge Notes and paid off such 2023 Bridge Notes before the maturity date (as defined below); and (v) divested its interests in Standard Farms New York LLC (“SFNY”).

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On February 15, 2023, the Company completed its previously announced sale-leaseback transaction with Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc. (“IIP”) pertaining to its White Haven, Pennsylvania facility (“White Haven Facility”) for $15,000 with net proceeds used towards repayment of debt and working capital (the “Pennsylvania Transaction”).

On February 15, 2023, the Company entered into the NPA Amendment (as defined below) relating to the refinancing of the 2019 Junior Notes (as defined below) and issued the 2023 Refinanced Notes (as defined below) and the 2023 New Notes (as defined below). See Note 11 — Notes Payable for defined terms and more information. On February 15, 2023, the Company repaid the remaining balance of the senior secured promissory notes issued on November 1, 2019 (the “2019 Senior Notes”), retiring the remainder of its 2019 senior debt facility previously extended to February 28, 2023, with no further obligations.

On March 13, 2023, the Company, through its subsidiary Jupiter Research LLC (“Jupiter”), entered into an amendment to its existing $10,000 asset-based revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Facility”) to increase the amount available under the Revolving Facility to $12,500 and extend the maturity date to July 21, 2024. Additionally, borrowings under the Revolving Facility will bear interest at the prime rate plus 3%, and is secured by Jupiter’s inventory, accounts receivable and related property. The amendment also includes a guaranty by the Company in the amount of $6,000.

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On May 15, 2023, the Company and its subsidiaries issued senior secured promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $4,500 (the “2023 Bridge Notes”). The 2023 Bridge Notes provided gross cash proceeds of $4,000 with an original issue discount of $500 and require monthly payments of $750 which started July 1, 2023. The 2023 Bridge Notes bear interest at the greater of 16% or the prime rate plus 8.5%, payable monthly, with a maturity date of December 1, 2023.

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On September 1, 2023, due to a strategic shift to focus on the Company’s core business, the Company divested its interests in its joint venture in SFNY pursuant to a membership interest purchase agreement (“MIPA”) by and among SFNY Holdings Inc. (“SFNY Holdings”), SFNY, each wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company, and CGSF Investments, LLC (“CGSF Investments”), a wholly owned subsidiary of PowerFund Holdings II LLC. Pursuant to the MIPA, CGSF Investments acquired 100% of the membership interests in SFNY from SFNY Holdings for $1,400 cash consideration (the “CGSF/SFNY Divestiture”). SFNY held a 75% interest in CGSF Group LLC (“CGSF Group”), which was formed to establish vertical cannabis operations on the Shinnecock Nation’s aboriginal tribal territory in the Hamptons on Long Island, New York. As part of the CGSF/SFNY Divestiture, the Company derecognized its noncontrolling interest in CGSF of $1,267 and a related party note payable of $350, which resulted in a gain of $483. This gain is included in gain (loss) on sale of assets and membership interests on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

For further details regarding these transactions, see Note 5 — Property, Plant and Equipment and Assets Held for Sale, Note 11 — Notes Payable and Note 13 — Leases.

The Company’s operating plans for the next 12 months include (i) increasing revenue growth from the sale of existing products and the introduction of new products across all operating segments; (ii) reducing production and operational costs as a result of efficiencies in cannabis operations; (iii) reducing supply chain costs; (iv) reducing and delaying overhead and other certain expenditures; and (v) obtaining other financings as necessary.

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The Company believes that these actions will help to mitigate any substantial doubt raised by our historical operating results and satisfy our estimated liquidity needs for the 12 months following the issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements. However, during the second quarter of 2023, a primary supplier significantly changed the payment terms of the Company’s trade payable. This was an unexpected event impacting short-term liquidity, therefore, the Company secured additional financing through the 2023 Bridge Notes to satisfy the transition of the new payment terms and provide working capital for the business. However, the issuance of the 2023 Bridge Notes required the Company to obtain a waiver of the financial covenant defaults expected to occur for the 2023 Refinanced Notes (defined below) and 2023 New Notes (defined below). As a result of the waiver, the Company had to pay default interest rates on its 2023 Refinanced Notes and 2023 New Notes, which resulted in an increase from 16.5% as of March 31, 2023 to 24.75% as of June 30, 2023. On October 2, 2023, the Company and its subsidiaries Jimmy Jang, L.P. (“JJ LP”), Baker Technologies, Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively, “Baker”), Commonwealth Alternative Care (“CAC”), and Jupiter (collectively, the “Subsidiary Borrowers”) entered into a Limited Waiver and Continued Forbearance Agreement (the “October Forbearance Agreement”). The October Forbearance Agreement reduced the interest rate on the 2023 Refinanced Notes to 17.0% as of September 30, 2023 (see Note 11 — Notes Payable for additional information). Despite the Company’s ability to secure a lower interest rate on the 2023 Refinanced Notes, the 17.0% interest rate is considered high and the 2023 New Notes remain at the default interest rate of 25.0%. The interest payments required under these rates will constrain the Company’s liquidity while these rates remain in effect.

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As a result of this and other factors, the Company cannot predict with certainty the outcome of its actions to generate liquidity as discussed above, including the availability of additional financing as necessary, or whether such actions would generate the expected liquidity as currently planned. Therefore, management has concluded there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within 12 months after the date of this filing. These financial statements do not include any adjustments that might become necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. See Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors for further details.

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COVID-19 Pandemic and Global Conflicts

In March 2020, the World Health Organization categorized coronavirus disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) as a global pandemic. The Company continues to implement and evaluate actions to strengthen its financial position and support the continuity of its business and operations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical conflicts, including the recent war in Ukraine and the Israel-Hamas conflict, created much uncertainty in the global marketplace. There are many uncertainties regarding these events, and the Company is closely monitoring the ongoing impact on all aspects of its business, including how it will impact its

services, customers, employees, vendors, and business partners now and in the future. While the COVID-19 pandemic and recent geopolitical conflicts did not materially adversely affect the Company’s financial results and business operations in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company is unable to predict the impact that these events will have on its future financial position and operating results due to numerous uncertainties.